*               Today in Black History - July 7              *

1781 - James Armistead, an American slave, infiltrates the
        headquarters of General Cornwallis and becomes a servant
        hired to spy on the Americans.  In reality, Armistead is
        a cunning double agent working for the French ally
        General Lafayette and reports on the movements and troop
        strength of the British.  His reports are critical to the
        surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.

1791 - The nondenominational African Church is founded by Richard
        Allen, Absalom Jones, and Benjamin Rush.

1851 - Charles Albert Tindley, African American Methodist preacher
        and songwriter is born in Berlin, Maryland.  He will be
        is known as one of the “founding fathers of American
        Gospel music.” The son of slaves, he will teach himself to
        read and write at the age of 17. He will be a driven young
        man, working as a janitor while attending night school,
        and earning his divinity degree through a correspondence
        course. In 1902, he will become pastor of the Calvary
        Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
        the church where he had earlier been the janitor.
        Tindley’s “I’ll Overcome Some Day” was the basis for the
        American civil rights anthem “We Shall Overcome,”
        popularized in the 1960’s. His most enduring gospel hymns
        include 'Stand By Me,' 'Nothing Between,' 'Leave It There'
        and 'By and By.' He will compose over 47 gospel standards.
        At the time he joins the ancestors in Philadelphia,
        Pennsylvania on July 26, 1933, his church will have 12,500
        members. The Tindley Temple United Methodist Church in
        Philadelphia will be named after him.

1906 - Leroy Robert "Satchel" Paige, baseball pitcher, (Negro
        League and American League) is born in Mobile, Alabama.
        (His birth year is an estimate) In 1965, 59 years after
        Paige's supposed birthday, he took the mound for the last
        time, throwing three shut-out innings for the Kansas City
        Athletics. He will be inducted into the Baseball Hall of
        Fame in Cooperstown, New York in 1971.

1915 - Margaret Abigail Walker (later Alexander) is born in
        Birmingham, Alabama. In 1935, She will receive her
        Bachelors of Arts Degree from Northwestern University and
        in 1936 she will begin work with the Federal Writers'
        Project under the Works Progress Administration. In 1942,
        she will receive her master's degree in creative writing
        from the University of Iowa.  Encouraged by Langston Hughes
        and others, Walker will become a writer best known for her
        volume of poetry 'For My People,' her novel 'Jubilee,' and
        a biography of novelist Richard Wright. In 1965, she will
        return to the University of Iowa to earn her Ph.D. She will
        serve for a time as a professor at Jackson State College
        (now University). She will join the ancestors on November
        30, 1998 after succumbing to breast cancer.

1921 - Ezzard Mack Charles is born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He will
        become a boxer and will be undefeated as an amateur,
        winning the 1939 AAU National middleweight title before
        turning professional in 1940. After military service during
        World War II, he will defeat Hall-of-Famer Archie Moore and
        avenge losses to Lloyd Marshall and Jimmy Bivins to earn a
        No. 2 ranking at light heavyweight in 1946. He will fight
        five light heavyweight champions, beating four of them, but
        will never challenge for the light heavyweight crown. He
        will finally win the vacant NBA heavyweight title by
        defeating Jersey Joe Walcott in 1949. He will earn worldwide
        recognition as heavyweight king the next year by decisioning
        an aged Joe Louis. After three successful defenses of the
        undisputed crown, he will lose the title in a third battle
        with Walcott. Charles will announce his retirement from the
        ring on December 1, 1956. He will join the ancestors on May
        28, 1975 after succumbing to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
        (ALS) also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. He will be
        enshrined in the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990.

1941 - Vernard R. Gray is born in Washington, DC.  He will become a
        pioneer in the Black Arts Movement. He will begin in the
        1960’s as a photographer/videographer documenting African
        American culture in the Washington, DC metropolitan area
        and around the world. He will found the Miya Gallery in
        downtown DC in 1976, introducing the community to various
        manifestations of African culture over twenty-five years
        and from 1996 will serve as an Internet developer for many
        artists, small businesses and non-profit organizations at
        Vernard Gray Technology Services at :
        http://www.connectdc.com.

1945 - Fern Logan is born in Jamaica (Queens), New York. A graduate
        of Pratt Institute, she will study photography in the mid
        1970's with master photographer Paul Caponigro. She will
        also receive a Bachelor's Degree fro State University of
        New York and a Masters in Fine Arts Degree from the School
        of the Art Institute of Chicago. Among her best-known works
        will be the renowned "Artists Portrait Series" of African
        American artists such as Romare Bearden, Roy deCarava, and
        Jacob Lawrence as well as commanding landscapes and scenes
        of nature. She is currently an Associate Professor at
        Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois.

1948 - The Cleveland Indians sign Leroy "Satchel" Paige at the age
        of 42. He will be the American League 'Rookie of the Year'.

1948 - Edna Griffin, her infant daughter Phyllis, John Bibbs and
        Leonard Hudson, will enter the Katz Drug Store in downtown
        Des Moines, Iowa, sit at the lunch counter and order ice
        cream. They will be refused service and Griffin will soon
        organize a protest against the drugstore's policy of
        refusing service to blacks. Criminal charges will be filed
        against Katz for violating Iowa's 1884 Civil Rights Act.
        The law prohibits discrimination in public accommodation.
        Katz will be found guilty and will appeal the verdict to
        the Iowa Supreme Court, which affirms the decision a year
        later. The case will be settled with Griffin receiving a
        one dollar settlement and the drugstore forced to change
        its ways.

1960 - Ralph Lee Sampson is born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He
        will become arguably the most heavily recruited (for both
        college and the NBA) basketball prospect of his generation.
        Playing for the University of Virginia, he will become one
        of only two male players in the history of college
        basketball to receive the Naismith Award as the National
        Player of the Year three times. He will be the only player
        to win the Wooden award twice. He will become a
        professional basketball player with the Houston Rockets. In
        the 1985-86 NBA season, Sampson will (in his third season
        with the Rockets) lift the Rockets from 14-68 in the
        1982-83 season before his arrival to one of the best in the
        NBA. In Game 5 of the 1986 NBA Western Conference Finals,
        his last second tip-in at the buzzer will beat the Los
        Angeles Lakers and send the Rockets to only their 2nd NBA
        Finals appearance in franchise history. His NBA career will
        quickly deteriorate as he becomes burdened with numerous
        knee injuries. In 1988, by the time he is traded to the
        Golden State Warriors, the rest of his career will become
        very limited. In 1989, he will be traded to the Sacramento
        Kings where he will basically be a third-string player. He
        will average 4.2 points per game and 3.0 points per game
        for the 1989-90 and 1990-91 seasons respectively. He will
        play one final season with the Washington Bullets in
        1991-92 where he averages two points per game. He will
        win numerous individual awards in the short period of time
        he was healthy, but will never win a national or NBA
        championship.

1975 - "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the
        Rainbow is Not Enuf," a play by 26-year-old Ntozake Shange,
        premieres in New York City.

1994 - Panama withdraws its offer to the United States to accept
        thousands of Haitian refugees.

1997 - Harvey Johnson is sworn in as the first African American
        mayor in Jackson, Mississippi.

1998 - Imprisoned Nigerian opposition leader Moshood Abiola joins
        the ancestors before he can be released from his political
        imprisonment. The government indicates that he succumbed
        from an apparent heart attack.

Information retrieved from the Munirah Chronicle, edited by Rene' A. Perry.